Description

Powerpoint Presentation: Manual Muscle Testing (MMT)

MMT is the most vital part of motor assessment Performa in medical examination.
MMT is a procedure for the evaluation of the strength and individual muscle or muscle group based upon the effective performance of a movement in relation to the forces of gravity or manual resistance through the available ROM.
i.e. how efficiently a muscle is working or muscles strength/power assessment using manual techniques.

Why MMT is performed?

Is a particular muscle normal?
Is it weak? (how much weak)
Is it strong enough? (how much strong)
weak on both the sides(bilaterally symmetrical)?
Is it weak only on one side(unilateral)?
proximal muscles are weaker than the distal one?
distal muscles are weaker than the proximal one?
there any particular pattern of muscle weakness?

Content:

Introduction to the topic
Why MMT is performed?
CLINICAL REASONING OF PERFORMING MMT
GRADES OF MMT
BASIC RULES
HAND PLACEMENT
PRECAUTIONS
OBJECTIVITY AND RELIABILITY OF MMT
ALTERNATE TECHNIQUES OF ASSESSING MUSCLE STRENGTH APART FROM CONVENTIONAL MMT
RESISTED ISOMETRIC TESTING
BREAK AND MAKE TEST
FUNCTIONAL TEST
MYOMETER
DYNAMOMETER
HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETER
LAFAYETTE
RELIABILITY OF HHD
DELTOID
BICEPS
WRIST EXTENSORS
NECK FLEXORS
PINCH DYNAMOMETER
SHOULDER PULLING DYNAMOMETER
LOW BACK AND LEG DYNAMOMETER
REFERENCE

References:

Mentiplay B F, Perraton LG, Bower K J, Adair B, Pua Y-H, Williams G P, et al. (2015). “Assessment of Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Power Using Hand-Held and Fixed Dynamometry: A Reliability and validity Study”. PloS one 10(10): e0140822.
Thorborg K, Petersen J, Magnusson S, Hölmich P. (2010). “Clinical assessment of hip strength using a hand-held dynamometer is reliable”. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 20(3): 493-50
Bandinelli S, Benvenuti E, Del Lungo I, Baccini M, Benvenuti F, Di Iorio A, et al. (1999). “Measuring muscular strength of the lower limbs by hand-held dynamometer: a standard protocol”. Ageing clinical and experimental research 11(5): 287-293.
Stoll T, Huber E, Seifert B, Michel B, Stucki G. (2000). “Maximal isometric muscle strength: normative values and gender-specific relation to age”. Clinical rheumatology 19(2): 105-11
Stark T, Walker B, Phillips J K, Fejer R, Beck R. (2011). “Hand-held dynamometry correlation with the gold standard isokinetic dynamometry: a systematic review”. PM&R 3(5): 472-47
Van Harlingen W, Blalock L, Merritt J L. (2015). “Upper Limb Strength: Study Providing Normative Data for a Clinical Handheld Dynamometer”. PM&R 7(2): 135-140.
Whiteley R, Jacobsen P, Prior S, Skazalski C, Otten R, Johnson A. (2012). “Correlation of isokinetic and novel hand-held dynamometry measures of knee flexion and extension strength testing”. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15(5): 44445
Lu Y-M, Lin J-H, Hsiao S-F, Liu M-F, Chen S-M, Lue Y-J. (2011). “The relative and absolute reliability of leg muscle strength testing by a handheld dynamometer”. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 25(4): 1065-107
Kim S-G, Lee Y-S. (2015). “The intra-and inter-rater reliabilities of lower extremity muscle strength assessment of healthy adults using a handheld dynamometer”. Journal of physical therapy science 27(6): 179
Le-Ngoc L, Janssen J. (2012). “Validity and reliability of a hand-held dynamometer for dynamic muscle strength assessment”, INTECH Open Access Publisher.
Andrews A W, Thomas MW, Bohannon RW. (1996). “Normative values for isometric muscle force measurements obtained with hand-held dynamometers”. Physical therapy 76(3): 248-25